WLP/PLP
Advanced Packaging Wafer and Panel Level Packaging (WLP, PLP) With International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) retiring and International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) taking over charge to roadmap the present and future technologies for the next 15 years, there is greater focus to look far more than Beyond CMOS. The introduction of Hetergenous […]
Boule and Ingot Characterization
Boule and Ingot Characterization Boule, crystal or ingot growth is crucial for excellent semiconductor applications, e.g. in light to defects, dislocations and grain boundaries. Beside state of the art processes such as Czochralski method, there are alternative technologies for crystal growth, e.g. from gaseous or liquid phase. To maintain and increase cost-efficiency high frequency eddy […]
Wafer Characterization
Wafer Characterization In seminconductor industry metal or metal oxide layers are applied for achieving electrical, mechanical, chemical, optical and a plethora of other characterisitcs. Properties such as sheet resistance, conductance, permeability or defectoscopy can be characterized by high frequency eddy current. Standard processes are vacuum processes such as evaporation, sputtering or atomic layer deposition (ALD) […]
Metal Layer Thickness Measurement
Information on Metal Layer Thickness and Metal Layer Thickness Measurements Content Overview Table of Contents Metal Layer Thickness Measurement by Eddy Current Testing Eddy current thickness gauges are applied across many industries measuring film thicknesses from a few nanometers to hundreds of micrometers or even millimeters. The underlying principle relies on the induction of eddy […]
Resistivity Measurement
Everything About Resistivity Measurement Content Overview Table of Contents Resistivity Measurement by Eddy Current Sensors Eddy current gauges and sensors are commonly applied for conductivity and resistivity measurement across many industries. Most systems operate in contact but there are also non-contact options available. The eddy current method is used for various reasons of which some […]
Electrical Anisotropy Measurement
Elektrische Anisotropy Measurement Content Overview Table of Contents Electrical Anisotropy Measurement by Eddy Current The measurement of electrical anisotropy by eddy current anisotropy sensors allows the precise measurement the anisotropy strength and anisotropy direction without sample preparation or even contacting the test object. The key of this innovation is the induction of directed eddy currents […]
Emissivity Measurement
Information on Emissivity and Emissivity Measurement Content Overview Table of Contents Emissivity Testing by Eddy Current Emissivity testing by eddy current uses the correlation of the emissivity and sheet resistance which is applied by the architectural glass industry since the late 1980s. Here, the silver coating’s ability to transport electrons is used when interacting with […]
Weight and Grammage Measurement
Weight and Grammage Measurement Content Overview Table of Contents Coating Weight Measurement by Eddy Current The weight of conductive coatings is often measured by non-contact eddy current thin film sensors. This technique induces eddy current into conductive coating, which respond with a electromagnet field (EMF) which is measured by the EMF detectors or directly by […]
Permittivity
Permittivity Measurement Content Overview Table of Contents Permittivity Measurement by High Frequency Eddy Current Testing High frequency eddy current measurement devices can be used not only for characterizing conductivity and magnetic permeability related properties of electrically conductive materials, but also for permittivity characterization of insulators. This is based on the fact that eddy current systems […]
Residual Moisture
Everything About Residual Moisture Content Overview Table of Contents Introduction Residual moisture characterization is crucial for device and cell performance in electro-chemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, organic photovoltaic and many other applications. Inks, pastes and slurries are usually water or solvent based substances carrying various compounds of particles and molecules. Their material composition […]
