Sheet Resistance Calculator

The SURAGUS layer calculator also known as rho tool is able to calculate various physical parameters of single layer systems and double layer systems.

Calculable parameters are:

Sheet resistance (also called sheet rho)
Bulk resistivity
Conductivity
Layer thickness

SURAGUS develops and manufactures non-contact measurement devices which are able to measure the sheet resistance, resistivity, conductivity and layer thickness on thin films.

The calculator converts theoretical values based on the laws of physics. We do not vouch for its correctness and applicability to specific conditions.

When it comes to layer stacks there are a few common special cases with advanced theoretical or practical models that we are happy to share with you. You are welcome to get in touch using the contact form.

If you want to read more about sheet resistance, take a look at this page.

Single layer system

Applicable in the following cases:

One conductive substrate without any conductive coatings

One conductive layer on a non-conductive substrate without any other conductive coatings

Select the parameter you want to calculate:

??? =

Bulk resistivity ρ

Layer thickness t

??? =

Conductivity σ

Layer thickness t

??? =

Sheet resistance R_S

Layer thickness t

??? =

Bulk resistivity ρ

??? =

Sheet resistance R_S

Layer thickness t

??? =

Bulk resistivity ρ

Sheet resistance R_S

??? =

Sheet resistance R_S

Conductivity σ

??? = 0.0108 *

Sheet resistance R_□

Double layer system

Applicable in the following cases:

Two conductive layers on a non-conductive substrate.

One conductive layer on a conductive substrate.

Select the parameter you want to calculate:

??? =

Sheet resistance layer A R_SA

Sheet resistance layer B R_SB

??? =

Joint resistance R_S

–

Sheet resistance layer B R_SB

??? =

Layer A thickness t_A

Joint resistance R_S

–

Layer B thickness t_B

Bulk resistivity layer B ρ_B

??? =

Layer A thickness t_A

Joint resistance R_S

Conductivity σ_B

Layer B thickness t_B

??? =

Conductivity σ_A

Joint resistance R_S

Conductivity σ_B

Layer B thickness t_B

Single Layer System

Multi Layer System

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List of Materials and their Electrical Conductivity in MS/m and Electrical Resistivity in µΩ·cm

Go directly to the following type of material:

basic elements
construction materials
alloys
carbon
polymer
semiconductor
printing paste
transparent conductive materials

SURAGUS makes no claim that the table is complete. Furthermore, we do not guarantee the correctness of the displayed values.

Search table:

Material	Type of material	Electrical Conductivity [MS/m]	Electrical Resistivity [µΩ·cm]	%IACS
Silver, Ag	basic elements	64.5161	1.55	111.23
Aluminum, Al	basic elements	37.0370	2.70	63.86
Arsenic, As	basic elements	2.1739	46.00	3.75
Gold, Au	basic elements	45.4545	2.20	78.37
Boron, B	basic elements	1.5385E-08	65.00E+8	0.00
Barium, Ba	basic elements	2.000	50.00	3.45
Beryllium, Be	basic elements	23.2558	4.30	40.10
Bismuth, Bi	basic elements	0.8928	112.00	1.54
Calcium, Ca; Rolled	basic elements	21.7391	4.60	37.48
Calcium, Ca; Annealed	basic elements	21.7391	4.60	37.48
Cadmium, Cd	basic elements	12.9870	7.70	22.39
Cerium, Ce	basic elements	1.28205	78.00	2.21
Cobalt, Co	basic elements	16.0256	6.24	27.63
Chromium, Cr; As-Swaged	basic elements	7.6923	13.00	13.26
Chromium, Cr; Recrystallized	basic elements	7.6923	13.00	13.26
Chromium, Cr; Annealed	basic elements	7.6923	13.00	13.26
Cesium, Cs	basic elements	5.2632	19.00	9.07
Copper, Cu; Annealed	basic elements	58.0013	1.72	100.00
Copper, Cu; Cold-Worked	basic elements	58.8235	1.70	101.42
Copper, Cu; Cold Drawn	basic elements	58.8235	1.70	101.42
Dysprosium, Dy	basic elements	1.0811	92.50	1.86
Erbium, Er	basic elements	1.1765	85.00	2.03
Europium, Eu	basic elements	1.0989	91.00	1.89
Iron, Fe	basic elements	11.2360	8.90	19.37
Gallium, Ga	basic elements	5.7143	17.50	9.85
Gadolinium, Gd	basic elements	0.7634	131.00	1.32
Germanium, Ge	basic elements	2.0000	50.00	3.45
Hafnium, Hf; Rod	basic elements	2.8169	35.50	4.86
Hafnium, Hf; Plate	basic elements	2.8169	35.50	4.86
Hafnium, Hf; Strip	basic elements	2.8169	35.50	4.86
Mercury, Hg	basic elements	1.0438	95.80	1.80
Holmium, Ho	basic elements	1.2285	81.40	2.12
Indium, In	basic elements	11.9048	8.40	20.53
Iridium, Ir; Cold-Drawn	basic elements	21.2766	4.70	36.68
Iridium, Ir; Annealed	basic elements	21.2766	4.70	36.68
Potassium, K	basic elements	13.8889	7.20	23.95
Lanthanum, La	basic elements	1.2531	79.80	2.16
Lithium, Li	basic elements	11.9048	8.40	20.53
Lutetium, Lu	basic elements	1.2658	79.00	2.18
Magnesium, Mg; Sand Cast	basic elements	21.7391	4.60	37.48
Magnesium, Mg; Extruded	basic elements	21.7391	4.60	37.48
Magnesium, Mg; Hard-Rolled Sheet	basic elements	21.7391	4.60	37.48
Magnesium, Mg; Annealed Sheet	basic elements	21.7391	4.60	37.48
Manganese, Mn	basic elements	0.6944	144.00	1.20
Molybdenum, Mo, Annealed	basic elements	17.5439	5.70	30.25
Molybdenum, Mo, Stress Relieved	basic elements	17.5439	5.70	30.25
Molybdenum, Mo, Recrystallized	basic elements	17.5439	5.70	30.25
Sodium, Na	basic elements	20.9644	4.77	36.14
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb); Annealed Sample	basic elements	6.6225	15.10	11.42
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb); Cold-Worked	basic elements	6.6225	15.10	11.42
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb); Wrought	basic elements	6.6225	15.10	11.42
Neodymium, Nd	basic elements	1.5552	64.30	2.68
Nickel, Ni	basic elements	15.6250	6.40	26.94
Neptunium, Np	basic elements	0.6098	164.00	1.05
Osmium, Os; Annealed	basic elements	12.3153	8.12	21.23
Osmium, Os; Cold-Worked	basic elements	12.3153	8.12	21.23
Osmium, Os; Arc-Melted	basic elements	12.3153	8.12	21.23
Protactinium, Pa	basic elements	6.6667	15.00	11.49
Lead, Pb	basic elements	4.8544	20.60	8.37
Palladium, Pd	basic elements	10.0705	9.93	17.36
Praseodymium, Pr	basic elements	1.4706	68.00	2.54
Platinum, Pt, CP Grade, Annealed	basic elements	9.4340	10.60	16.27
Platinum, Pt, CP Grade, Hard Drawn - 50% Cold Worked	basic elements	9.4340	10.60	16.27
Platinum, Pt, Thermocouple Quality, Annealed	basic elements	9.4340	10.60	16.27
Plutonium, Pu	basic elements	0.6667	150.00	1.15
Rubidium, Rb	basic elements	7.8125 - 8.0000	12.50 - 12.80	0.00
Rhenium, Re; Annealed	basic elements	5.1813	19.30	8.93
Rhenium, Re; Deformed	basic elements	5.1813	19.30	8.93
Rhodium, Rh; Annealed	basic elements	23.2558	4.30	40.10
Rhodium, Rh; As-Plated	basic elements	23.2558	4.30	40.10
Rhodium, Rh; Hardened	basic elements	23.2558	4.30	40.10
Ruthenium, Ru; Annealed	basic elements	13.8889	7.20	23.95
Ruthenium, Ru; Hot Rolled Bar	basic elements	13.8889	7.20	23.95
Antimony, Sb	basic elements	2.4390	41.00	4.21
Scandium, Sc	basic elements	1.9646	50.90	3.39
Selenium, Se	basic elements	8.3333	12.00	14.37
Silicon, Si	basic elements	0.0100	10,000.00	0.02
Samarium, Sm	basic elements	0.9524	105.00	1.64
Tin, Sn	basic elements	8.6957	11.50	14.99
Strontium, Sr	basic elements	4.0000	25.00	6.90
Tantalum, Ta; Cold Worked	basic elements	8.0000	12.50	13.79
Tantalum, Ta; Annealed	basic elements	8.0000	12.50	13.79
Tantalum, UNS R05200	basic elements	8.0645	12.40	13.90
Tantalum, UNS R05400	basic elements	8.0645	12.40	13.90
Terbium, Tb	basic elements	0.8772	114.00	1.51
Technetium, Tc; As-Rolled	basic elements	5.4054	18.50	9.32
Technetium, Tc; Annealed	basic elements	5.4054	18.50	9.32
Tellurium, Te	basic elements	0.6667	150.00	1.15
Thorium, Th	basic elements	7.6923	13.00	13.26
Titanium, Ti	basic elements	2.5000	55.40	3.11
Thallium, Tl	basic elements	6.6667	15.00	11.49
Thulium, Tm	basic elements	1.4793	67.60	2.55
Uranium, U; Cast	basic elements	3.3333	30.00	5.75
Uranium, U; Beta-Annealed	basic elements	3.3333	30.00	5.75
Uranium, U; Wrought Alpha Phase	basic elements	3.3333	30.00	5.75
Vanadium, V; Cold Rolled	basic elements	4.0323	24.80	6.95
Vanadium, V; Vacuum Annealed Wire	basic elements	4.0323	24.80	6.95
Vanadium, V; Hot Rolled Bar	basic elements	4.0323	24.80	6.95
Vanadium, V; Vacuum Annealed Sheet	basic elements	4.0323	24.80	6.95
Vanadium, V; Cold Drawn Wire	basic elements	4.0323	24.80	6.95
Tungsten, W	basic elements	17.6991	5.65	30.52
Tungsten, W, (drawn wire)	basic elements	17.6991	5.65	30.52
Yttrium, Y	basic elements	1.7544	57.00	3.02
Yttrium, Y; Annealed Rod	basic elements	1.7544	57.00	3.02
Ytterbium; Yb	basic elements	3.4483	29.00	5.95
Zinc; Zn	basic elements	16.8919	5.92	29.12
Zirconium; Zr	basic elements	2.5000	40.00	4.31
AISI 1000 Series Steel	construction materials	5.5556 - 50.0000	2.00 - 18.00	0.00
AISI 4000 Series Steel	construction materials	3.8002 - 50.0000	2.00 - 26.30	0.00
AISI 5000 Series Steel	construction materials	4.3836 - 50.0000	2.00 - 22.80	0.00
AISI 6000 Series Steel	construction materials	4.2735	23.40	7.37
AISI 8000 Series Steel	construction materials	4.2735 - 50.0000	2.00 - 23.40	0.00
AISI 9000 Series Steel	construction materials	5.7471 - 50.0000	2.00 - 17.40	0.00
Low Alloy Steel	construction materials	0.7042 - 50.0000	2.00 - 142.00	0.00
Medium Alloy Steel	construction materials	1.5385 - 5.8824	17.00 - 65.00	0.00
Austenitic	construction materials	0.0133 - 13.5135	7.40 - 7,500.00	0.00
Low Carbon Steel	construction materials	3.3333 - 50.0000	2.00 - 30.00	0.00
Medium Carbon Steel	construction materials	0.7042 - 7.0422	14.20 - 142.00	0.00
High Carbon Steel	construction materials	3.3333 - 50.0000	2.00 - 30.00	0.00
Cast Iron	construction materials	0.7042 - 20.0000	5.00 - 142.00	0.00
Alloy Cast Iron	construction materials	9.0909E-07 - 7.0423	14.20 - 110.00E+06	0.00
Stainless Steel	construction materials	0.6894 - 22.2222	4.50 - 145.00	0.00
Cold Work Steel	construction materials	1.5625 - 1.8519	54.00 - 64.00	0.00
Hot Work Steel	construction materials	1.6949 - 2.0000	50.00 - 59.00	0.00
Aluminum 2024-O	construction materials	28.6533	3.49	49.40
Aluminum 2024-T3	construction materials	17.1821	5.82	29.62
Aluminum 2024-T361	construction materials	17.1821	5.82	29.62
Aluminum 2024-T6	construction materials	22.2717	4.49	38.40
Alluminum Alloy	construction materials	33.3333 - 37.0370	2.70 - 3.00	0.00
Beryllium Alloy	construction materials	1.1025 - 40.0000	2.50 - 90.70	0.00
Bismuth Alloy	construction materials	0.8929 - 2.9412	34.00 - 112.00	0.00
Cobalt Alloy	construction materials	0.7042 - 16.0256	6.24 - 142.00	0.00
Copper Alloy	construction materials	0.2041 - 59.8802	1.67 - 490.00	0.00
Brass	construction materials	3.5714 - 31.4465	3.18 - 28.00	0.00
Bronze	construction materials	4.0000 - 27.7778	3.60 - 25.00	0.00
Copper Casting Alloy	alloys	1.0438 - 53.4759	1.87 - 95.80	0.00
Wrought Copper	alloys	7.5188 - 59.1716	1.69 - 13.30	0.00
Indium Alloy	alloys	1.9231 - 13.8889	7.20 - 52.00	0.00
Lead Alloy	alloys	2.32558 - 7.1429	14.00 - 43.00	0.00
Magnesium Alloy	alloys	0.9091 - 21.7391	4.60 - 110.00	0.00
Molybdenum Alloy	alloys	4.5455 - 27.0270	3.70 - 22.00	0.00
Nickel Alloy	alloys	0.1449 - 20.4082	4.90 - 690.00	0.00
Niobium Alloy	alloys	6.2500 - 8.0000	12.50 - 16.00	0.00
Gold Alloy	alloys	2.7100 - 45.4545	2.20 - 36.90	0.00
Palladium Alloy	alloys	2.3256 - 10.0705	9.93 - 43.00	0.00
Platinum Alloy	alloys	1.5038 - 9.4340	10.60 - 66.50	0.00
Silver Alloy	alloys	0.1276 - 68.0272	1.47 - 784.00	0.00
Refractory Metal	alloys	3.4483 - 52.6316	1.90 - 29.00	0.00
Solder/Braze Alloy	alloys	0.1276 - 60.9756	1.64 - 784.00	0.00
Tin Alloy	alloys	2.9412 - 9.6154	10.40 - 34.00	0.00
Alpha/Beta Titanium Alloy	alloys	0.4878 - 1.0870	92.00 - 205.00	0.00
Destech Open-Celled Glassy Carbon Foam	carbon	0.0125	8,000.00	0.02
Nanocyl NANOCYL™ NC1000 Single-Wall Isolated and Bundled Carbon Nanotubes	carbon	1.0000 - 10.0000	10.00 - 100.00	0.00
Nanocyl NANOCYL™ NC7000 Thin Multi- Wall Carbon Nanotubes	carbon	1.0000 - 10.0000	10.00 - 100.00	0.00
Goodfellow Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube Powder	carbon	1.0000	100.00	1.72
Grolltex Large Area CVD Graphene Film on Si/SiO2, 150mm Diameter	carbon	1.0000E-05 - 0.0001	1.00E+06 - 10.00E+07	0.00
Grolltex Large Area CVD Graphene Film on Si/SiO2, 200mm Diameter	carbon	3.3333E-06 - 2.0000E-05	5.00E+06 - 3.00E+07	0.00
Goodfellow Reduced Graphene Oxide (GO) Powder	carbon	6.6667E-04	150,000.00	0.00
Poco Graphite EDM-1 EDM Graphite	carbon	0.0518	1,930.00	0.09
Graphite, Carbon	carbon	0.0167	6,000.00	0.03
UCAR Carbon UCAR® CBY Extruded Graphite	carbon	0.1191	840,000.00	0.00
Poco Graphite TM Industrial Grade Graphite	carbon	0.0820	1,220.00	0.14
Zoltek™ PX35 Continuous Tow Carbon Fiber	carbon	0.0645	1550.00	0.11
Zoltek™ PX35 P/TW28-50 Woven Carbon Fiber Fabric	carbon	0.0645	1550.00	0.11
SGL S001 EPY Staple Carbon Fiber, Epoxy Sizing	carbon	0.0625	1600.00	0.11
Zoltek™ OX Staple Oxidized PAN Fiber	carbon	1.2500E-13	8.00E+14	0.00
ABS/Polyester Alloy	polymer	1.0000E-20 - 1.0000E-19	1.00E+21 - 1.00E+22	0.00
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Molded	polymer	1.0000E-22 - 1.0000E-11	1.00E+13 - 1.00E+24	0.00
Acrylic, General Purpose, Molded	polymer	1.0000E-21 - 1.0000E-14	1.00E+16 - 1.00E+23	0.00
Acrylic, Extruded	polymer	1.0000E-19 - 1.0000E-16	1.00E+18 - 1.00E+21	0.00
Epoxy Adhesive	polymer	2.0000E-21 - 1.0000	100 - 5.00E+22	0.00
Polyetheretherketone, PEEK, Aramid Fiber Filled	polymer	1.0000E-20 - 1.0000E-08	1.00E+10 - 1.00E+22	0.00
Polycarbonate, Molded	polymer	5.0000E-22 - 1.0000E-13	1.00E+15 - 2.00E+23	0.00
Polycarbonate, Extruded	polymer	5.0000E-22 - 1.0000E-07	1.00E+09 - 2.00E+23	0.00
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Unreinforced	polymer	1.0000E-22 - 2.0000E-11	5.00E+12 - 1.00E+24	0.00
Polyetherimide (PEI)	polymer	1.0000E-22 - 0,0010	100,000.00 - 1.00E+24	0.00
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Molded	polymer	1.0000E-20 - 1.0000E-19	1.00E+21 - 1.00E+22	0.00
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Film Grade	polymer	1.0000E-19 - 2.0000E-07	5.00E+08 - 1.00E+21	0.00
Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE), Molded	polymer	1.0000E-19	1.00E+21	0.00
Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE), Extruded	polymer	3,3333E-21 - 1.000E-19	1.00E+21 - 3.00E+22	0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Injection Molded	polymer	1.0000E-21 - 1.0000E-09	1.00E+11 - 1.00E+23	0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Extruded	polymer	1.0000E-24 - 1.0000E-08	1.00E+10 - 1.00E+26	0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Pipe Grade	polymer	1.0000E-21 - 1.0000E-09	1.00E+11 - 1.00E+23	0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Blow Molding Grade	polymer	1.0000E-19 - 1.0000E-08	1.00E+10 - 1.00E+21	0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Glass fiber Filled	polymer	1.0000E-20 - 1.0000E-07	1.00E+09 - 1.00E+22	0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer, p-type, Boron Doped,	semiconductors	2.0000E-06 - 0.0020	50.00E+03 - 50.00E+06	0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer, n-type, Phosphorous Doped	semiconductors	4.0000E-06 - 0.0010	10,000.00 - 25,000.00	0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer, n-type, Antimony Doped	semiconductors	0.0050 - 0.0125	8,000.00 - 20,000.00	0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer, n-type, Arsenic Doped	semiconductors	0.0143	7,000.00	0.02
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer, n-type, Phosphorous Doped	semiconductors	5.0000E-07 - 1.6667E-05	6.00E+06 - 200.00E+06	0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer, p-type, Dopant: NDT,	semiconductors	5.0000E-07 - 2.0000E-05	5.00E+06 - 200.00E+06	0.00
S-Glass Fiber	semiconductors	1.1050E-15	9.05E+16	0.00
Silizium 300K, p-type, Boron doped, technical utility range	semiconductors	1.0000E-06 - 0.0125	8.00E+03 - 100.00E+06	0.00
Silizium 300K, n-type, Phosporous doped, technical utility range	semiconductors	1.0000E-06 - 0.0250	4.00E+03 - 100.00E+06	0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	4.1246E-06	24,244,620.17	0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	4.7863E-05	2,089,296.13	0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	3.9460E-04	253,,23.07	0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	3.1623E-03	31,622.78	0.01
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	0.0136	7,334.74	0.02
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	7.0170E-06	14,251,026.70	0.00
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	7.2444E-05	1,380,384.27	0.00
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	3.6115E-04	276,890.27	0.00
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	1.6276E-03	61,441.46	0.00
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	0.0100	10,000.00	0.02
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	2.7542E-05	3,630,780.55	0.00
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	2.6490E-04	377,505.32	0.00
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	1.8588E-03	53,798.38	0.00
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	0.0100	10,000.00	0.02
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	0.0431	2,319.45	0.07
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	8.3176E-05	1,202,264.44	0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	6.1442E-4	162,756.54	0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	5.3798E-3	18,587.92	0.01
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	0.0450	2,218.98	0.08
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	0.2769	361.15	0.48
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	2.1878E-05	4,570,881.90	0.00
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	1.7783E-04	562,341.33	0.00
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	1.1421E-03	87,560.39	0.00
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	3.9460E-03	25,342.31	0.01
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	0.0163	6,144.15	0.03
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	6.6069E-05	1,513,561.25	0.00
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	501.19E-06	199,526.23	0.00
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	2.6300E-03	38,018.94	0.00
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	0.0158	6,309.57	0.03
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration	semiconductors	6.9183E-08	1,445,439,771.00	0.00
Mateck Zinc Sulphide, ZnS	semiconductors	100.0000E-18 - 1.0000E-12	1.00E+14 - 1.00E+18	0.00
Mateck Zinc Selenide, ZnSe	semiconductors	100.0000E-18 - 0.0020	50,000.00 - 1.00E+18	0.00
Mateck Zinc Telluride, ZnTe	semiconductors	1.0000E-10	1.00E+12	0.00
Zinc Germanium Phosphide, ZnGeP2	semiconductors	2.7778E-11	3.60E+12	0.00
Zinc Silicon Phosphide, ZnSiP2	semiconductors	5.5556E-11	1.80E+12	0.00
Silver paste	printing paste	3.3333 - 10.0000	10.00 - 30.00	0.00
Platinum paste	printing paste	9.4340	10.60	16.27
Copper paste	printing paste	1.6667 - 5.8824	17.00 - 60.00	0.00
SiSiC, Silicium Carbide	semidonductors	1.0000E-07	1.00E+09	0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs	semiconductors	1E-11	1.00E+13	0.00
ITO, Indium tin oxide	Transparent conductive materials	0.8772	114.00	1.51
In2O3, Indium(III) oxide	Transparent conductive materials	1.0000	100.00	1.72
SnO2, Tin oxide	Transparent conductive materials	0.2500	400.00	0.43
ZnO, Zinc oxide	Transparent conductive materials	0.8333	120.00	1.44
ZnO:Al, Aluminium doped	Transparent conductive materials	0.0769	1,300.00	0.13
CdSnO2, Cadmium-tin oxide	Transparent conductive materials	0.7692	130.00	1.33
Cdo:In, Cadmium oxide, Indium doped	Transparent conductive materials	1.6667	60.00	2.87
Zno and ZnMg2O, Aluminium doped, deposition with magnetron sputtering	Transparent conductive materials	0.1000	1,000.00	0.17
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide,Aluminium doped, Aqueous solution deposition	Transparent conductive materials	0.020	5,000.00	0.03
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped, pulsed laser deposition	Transparent conductive materials	1.1710	85.40	2.02
ZnO:In, Zinc Oxide, Indium doped, sputtering deposition	Transparent conductive materials	3.3333E-04	300,000.00	0.00
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped, Sol-gel	Transparent conductive materials	5.1546E-03	19,400.00	0.01
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped, Chemical spray	Transparent conductive materials	0.0056	18,000.00	0.01
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped, magnetic sputtering and post annealing	Transparent conductive materials	0.1142	876.00	0.20
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped, Magnetron co-Sputtering and post annealing	Transparent conductive materials	0.1205	830.00	0.21
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped, Microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis	Transparent conductive materials	4.255E-03	23,500.00	0.01
ZnO:Si, Zinc Oxide, Silicium doped, Aerosol assisted Chemical vapor deposition	Transparent conductive materials	0.0050	20,000.00	0.01
ZnO:Al+Ga, High-throughput continuous hydrotermal flow synthesis, pellets	Transparent conductive materials	0.0111	9,000.00	0.02
ZnO:Al+Ga, Aerosol asisted Chemical transport, pellets	Transparent conductive materials	0.1786	560.00	0.31
PEDOT:PPS (AL 4083)	Transparent conductive materials	20.0000E-09 - 200.0000E-09	5.00E+08 - 5.00E+09	0.00
PEDOT:PPS (PH100)	Transparent conductive materials	0.0833	1,200.00	0.14
PEDOT:PPS (HTL Solar 3)	Transparent conductive materials	10.0000E-06 - 100.0000E-06	1.00E+06 - 10.00E+06	0.00
PEDOT:PPS (HTL Solar 3)	Transparent conductive materials	200.0000E-09 - 20.0000E-06	5.00E+06 - 500.00E+06	0.00
FTO, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide, 1%	Transparent conductive materials	0.2747E-03	364,100.00	0.00
FTO, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide 3%	Transparent conductive materials	0.001	100,000.00	0.00
FTO, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide, 5%	Transparent conductive materials	15.2670E-03	6,550.00	0.03
FTO, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide 7%	Transparent conductive materials	0.7246E-03	138,000.00	0.00