Sheet Resistance Calculator

The SURAGUS layer calculator also known as rho tool is able to calculate various physical parameters of single layer systems and double layer systems.

Calculable parameters are:

  • Sheet resistance (also called sheet rho)
  • Bulk resistivity
  • Conductivity
  • Layer thickness

SURAGUS develops and manufactures non-contact measurement devices which are able to measure the sheet resistance, resistivity, conductivity and layer thickness on thin films.

The calculator converts theoretical values based on the laws of physics. We do not vouch for its correctness and applicability to specific conditions.

When it comes to layer stacks there are a few common special cases with advanced theoretical or practical models that we are happy to share with you. You are welcome to get in touch using the contact form.

If you want to read more about sheet resistance, take a look at this page.

Applicable in the following cases:
  • One conductive substrate without any conductive coatings
or
  • One conductive layer on a non-conductive substrate without any other conductive coatings
???  = 
Bulk resistivity ρ
Layer thickness t
???  = 
1
Conductivity σ
 * 
Layer thickness t
???  = 
Sheet resistance RS
 * 
Layer thickness t
???  = 
1
Bulk resistivity ρ
???  = 
1
Sheet resistance RS
 * 
Layer thickness t
???  = 
Bulk resistivity ρ
Sheet resistance RS
???  = 
1
Sheet resistance RS
 * 
Conductivity σ
???  =  0.0108  * 
Sheet resistance R□

List of Materials and their Electrical Conductivity in MS/m and Electrical Resistivity in µΩ·cm

  • Basic elements
  • Construction materials
  • Alloys
  • Carbon
  • Polymer
  • Semiconductor
  • Printing paste
  • Transparent conductive materials

SURAGUS makes no claim that the table is complete. Furthermore, we do not guarantee the correctness of the displayed values.



Material
 Type of material

Electrical Conductivity
[MS/m]

 Electrical Resistivity
[µΩ·cm]

%IACS
Silver, Ag basic elements 64.5161 1.55 111.23
Aluminum, Al basic elements 37.0370 2.70 63.86
Arsenic, As basic elements 2.1739 46.00 3.75
Gold, Au basic elements 45.4545 2.20 78.37
Boron, B basic elements 0.000000015385 6,500,000,000 0.00
Barium, Ba basic elements 2.0000 50.00 3.45
Beryllium, Be basic elements 23.2558 4.30 40.10
Bismuth, Bi basic elements 0.8928 112.00 1.54
Calcium, Ca; Rolled basic elements 21.7391 4.60 37.48
Calcium, Ca; Annealed basic elements 21.7391 4.60 37.48
Cadmium, Cd basic elements 12.9870 7.70 22.39
Cerium, Ce basic elements 1.28205 78.00 2.21
Cobalt, Co basic elements 16.0256 6.24 27.63
Chromium, Cr; As-Swaged basic elements 7.6923 13.00 13.26
Chromium, Cr; Recrystallized basic elements 7.6923 13.00 13.26
Chromium, Cr; Annealed basic elements 7.6923 13.00 13.26
Cesium, Cs basic elements 5.2632 19.00 9.07
Copper, Cu; Annealed basic elements 58.0013 1.72 100.00
Copper, Cu; Cold-Worked basic elements 58.8235 1.70 101.42
Copper, Cu; Cold Drawn basic elements 58.8235 1.70 101.42
Dysprosium, Dy basic elements 1.0811 92.50 1.86
Erbium, Er basic elements 1.1765 85.00 2.03
Europium, Eu basic elements 1.0989 91.00 1.89
Iron, Fe basic elements 11.2360 8.90 19.37
Gallium, Ga basic elements 5.7143 17.50 9.85
Gadolinium, Gd basic elements 0.7634 131.00 1.32
Germanium, Ge basic elements 2.0000 50.00 3.45
Hafnium, Hf; Rod basic elements 2.8169 35.50 4.86
Hafnium, Hf; Plate basic elements 2.8169 35.50 4.86
Hafnium, Hf; Strip basic elements 2.8169 35.50 4.86
Mercury, Hg basic elements 1.0438 95.80 1.80
Holmium, Ho basic elements 1.2285 81.40 2.12
Indium, In basic elements 11.9048 8.40 20.53
Iridium, Ir; Cold-Drawn basic elements 21.2766 4.70 36.68
Iridium, Ir; Annealed basic elements 21.2766 4.70 36.68
Potassium, K basic elements 13.8889 7.20 23.95
Lanthanum, La basic elements 1.2531 79.80 2.16
Lithium, Li basic elements 11.9048 8.40 20.53
Lutetium, Lu basic elements 1.2658 79.00 2.18
Magnesium, Mg; Sand Cast basic elements 21.7391 4.60 37.48
Magnesium, Mg; Extruded basic elements 21.7391 4.60 37.48
Magnesium, Mg; Hard-Rolled Sheet basic elements 21.7391 4.60 37.48
Magnesium, Mg; Annealed Sheet basic elements 21.7391 4.60 37.48
Manganese, Mn basic elements 0.6944 144.00 1.20
Molybdenum, Mo, Annealed basic elements 17.5439 5.70 30.25
Molybdenum, Mo, Stress Relieved basic elements 17.5439 5.70 30.25
Molybdenum, Mo, Recrystallized basic elements 17.5439 5.70 30.25
Sodium, Na basic elements 20.9644 4.77 36.14
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb); Annealed Sample basic elements 6.6225 15.10 11.42
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb); Cold-Worked basic elements 6.6225 15.10 11.42
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb); Wrought basic elements 6.6225 15.10 11.42
Neodymium, Nd basic elements 1.5552 64.30 2.68
Nickel, Ni basic elements 15.6250 6.40 26.94
Neptunium, Np basic elements 0.6098 164.00 1.05
Osmium, Os; Annealed basic elements 12.3153 8.12 21.23
Osmium, Os; Cold-Worked basic elements 12.3153 8.12 21.23
Osmium, Os; Arc-Melted basic elements 12.3153 8.12 21.23
Protactinium, Pa basic elements 6.6667 15.00 11.49
Lead, Pb basic elements 4.8544 20.60 8.37
Palladium, Pd basic elements 10.0705 9.93 17.36
Praseodymium, Pr basic elements 1.4706 68.00 2.54
Platinum, Pt, CP Grade, Annealed basic elements 9.4340 10.60 16.27
Platinum, Pt, CP Grade, Hard Drawn - 50% Cold Worked basic elements 9.4340 10.60 16.27
Platinum, Pt, Thermocouple Quality, Annealed basic elements 9.4340 10.60 16.27
Plutonium, Pu basic elements 0.6667 150.00 1.15
Rubidium, Rb basic elements 7.8125 - 8.00 12.50 - 12.80 0.00
Rhenium, Re; Annealed basic elements 5.1813 19.30 8.93
Rhenium, Re; Deformed basic elements 5.1813 19.30 8.93
Rhodium, Rh; Annealed basic elements 23.2558 4.30 40.10
Rhodium, Rh; As-Plated basic elements 23.2558 4.30 40.10
Rhodium, Rh; Hardened basic elements 23.2558 4.30 40.10
Ruthenium, Ru; Annealed basic elements 13.8889 7.20 23.95
Ruthenium, Ru; Hot Rolled Bar basic elements 13.8889 7.20 23.95
Antimony, Sb basic elements 2.4390 41.00 4.21
Scandium, Sc basic elements 1.9646 50.90 3.39
Selenium, Se basic elements 8.3333 12.00 14.37
Silicon, Si basic elements 0.0100 10,000.00 0.02
Samarium, Sm basic elements 0.9524 105.00 1.64
Tin, Sn basic elements 8.6957 11.50 14.99
Strontium, Sr basic elements 4.0000 25.00 6.90
Tantalum, Ta; Cold Worked basic elements 8.0000 12.50 13.79
Tantalum, Ta; Annealed basic elements 8.0000 12.50 13.79
Tantalum, UNS R05200 basic elements 8.0645 12.40 13.90
Tantalum, UNS R05400 basic elements 8.0645 12.40 13.90
Terbium, Tb basic elements 0.8772 114.00 1.51
Technetium, Tc; As-Rolled basic elements 5.4054 18.50 9.32
Technetium, Tc; Annealed basic elements 5.4054 18.50 9.32
Tellurium, Te basic elements 0.6667 150.00 1.15
Thorium, Th basic elements 7.6923 13.00 13.26
Titanium, Ti basic elements 1.8050 55.40 3.11
Thallium, Tl basic elements 6.6667 15.00 11.49
Thulium, Tm basic elements 1.4793 67.60 2.55
Uranium, U; Cast basic elements 3.3333 30.00 5.75
Uranium, U; Beta-Annealed basic elements 3.3333 30.00 5.75
Uranium, U; Wrought Alpha Phase basic elements 3.3333 30.00 5.75
Vanadium, V; Cold Rolled basic elements 4.0323 24.80 6.95
Vanadium, V; Vacuum Annealed Wire basic elements 4.0323 24.80 6.95
Vanadium, V; Hot Rolled Bar basic elements 4.0323 24.80 6.95
Vanadium, V; Vacuum Annealed Sheet basic elements 4.0323 24.80 6.95
Vanadium, V; Cold Drawn Wire basic elements 4.0323 24.80 6.95
Tungsten, W basic elements 17.6991 5.65 30.52
Tungsten, W, (drawn wire) basic elements 17.6991 5.65 30.52
Yttrium, Y basic elements 1.7544 57.00 3.02
Yttrium, Y; Annealed Rod basic elements 1.7544 57.00 3.02
Ytterbium; Yb basic elements 3.4483 29.00 5.95
Zinc; Zn basic elements 16.8919 5.92 29.12
Zirconium; Zr basic elements 2.5000 40.00 4.31
AISI 1000 Series Steel construction materials 5.5556 - 50.0000 2.00 - 18.00 0.00
AISI 4000 Series Steel construction materials 3.8002 - 50.0000 2.00 - 26.30 0.00
AISI 5000 Series Steel construction materials 4.3836 - 50.0000 2.00 - 22.80 0.00
AISI 6000 Series Steel construction materials 4.2735 23.40 7.37
AISI 8000 Series Steel construction materials 4.2735 - 50.0000 2.00 - 23.40 0.00
AISI 9000 Series Steel construction materials 5.7471 - 50.0000 2.00 - 17.40 0.00
Low Alloy Steel construction materials 0.7042 - 50.0000 2.00 - 142.00 0.00
Medium Alloy Steel construction materials 1.5385 - 5.8824 17.00 - 65.00 0.00
Austenitic construction materials 0.0133 - 13.5135 7.40 - 7,500.00 0.00
Low Carbon Steel construction materials 3.3333 - 50.0000 2.00 - 30.00 0.00
Medium Carbon Steel construction materials 0.7042 - 7.0422 14.20 - 142.00 0.00
High Carbon Steel construction materials 3.3333 - 50.0000 2.00 - 30.00 0.00
Cast Iron construction materials 0.7042 - 20.0000 5.00 - 142.00 0.00
Alloy Cast Iron construction materials 0.00000090909 - 7.0423 14.20 - 110,000,000 0.00
Stainless Steel construction materials 0.6894 - 22.2222 4.50 - 145.00 0.00
Cold Work Steel construction materials 1.5625 - 1.8519 54.00 - 64.00 0.00
Hot Work Steel construction materials 1.6949 - 2.0000 50.00 - 59.00 0.00
Aluminum 2024-O construction materials 28.6533 3.49 49.40
Aluminum 2024-T3 construction materials 17.1821 5.82 29.62
Aluminum 2024-T361 construction materials 17.1821 5.82 29.62
Aluminum 2024-T6 construction materials 22.2717 4.49 38.40
Alluminum Alloy construction materials 33.3333 - 37.0370 2.70 - 3.00 0.00
Beryllium Alloy construction materials 1.1025 - 40.0000 2.50 - 90.70 0.00
Bismuth Alloy construction materials 0.8929 - 2.9412 34.00 - 112.00 0.00
Cobalt Alloy construction materials 0.7042 - 16.0256 6.24 - 142.00 0.00
Copper Alloy construction materials 0.2041 - 59.8802 1.67 - 490.00 0.00
Brass construction materials 3.5714 - 31.4465 3.18 - 28.00 0.00
Bronze construction materials 4.00 - 27.7778 3.60 - 25.00 0.00
Copper Casting Alloy alloys 1.0438 - 53.4759 1.87 - 95.80 0.00
Wrought Copper alloys 7.5188 - 59.1716 1.69 - 13.30 0.00
Indium Alloy alloys 1.9231 - 13.8889 7.20 - 52.00 0.00
Lead Alloy alloys 2.32558 - 7.1429 14.00 - 43.00 0.00
Magnesium Alloy alloys 0.9091 - 21.7391 4.60 - 110.00 0.00
Molybdenum Alloy alloys 4.5455 - 27.0270 3.70 - 22.00 0.00
Nickel Alloy alloys 0.1449 - 20.4082 4.90 - 690.00 0.00
Niobium Alloy alloys 6.2500 - 8.0000 12.50 - 16.00 0.00
Gold Alloy alloys 2.7100 - 45.4545 2.20 - 36.90 0.00
Palladium Alloy alloys 2.3256 - 10.0705 9.93 - 43.00 0.00
Platinum Alloy alloys 1.5038 - 9.4340 10.60 - 66.50 0.00
Silver Alloy alloys 0.1276 - 68.0272 1.47 - 784.00 0.00
Refractory Metal alloys 3.4483 - 52.6316 1.90 - 29.00 0.00
Solder/Braze Alloy alloys 0.1276 - 60.9756 1.64 - 784.00 0.00
Tin Alloy alloys 2.9412 - 9.6154 10.40 - 34.00 0.00
Alpha/Beta Titanium Alloy alloys 0.4878 - 1.0870 92.00 - 205.00 0.00
Destech Open-Celled Glassy Carbon Foam carbon 0.0125 8,000.00 0.02
Nanocyl NANOCYL™ NC1000 Single-Wall
Isolated and Bundled Carbon Nanotubes 		carbon 1.0000 - 10.0000 10.00 - 100.00 0.00
Nanocyl NANOCYL™ NC7000 Thin Multi-
Wall Carbon Nanotubes		 carbon 1.00 - 10.00 10.00 - 100.00 0.00
Goodfellow Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube Powder carbon 1.0000 100.00 1.72
Grolltex Large Area CVD Graphene Film on Si/SiO2,
150mm Diameter		 carbon 0.00001 - 0.0001 1,000,000 - 100,000,000 0.00
Grolltex Large Area CVD Graphene Film on Si/SiO2,
200mm Diameter		 carbon 0.0000033333 - 0.00002 5,000,000 - 30,000,000 0.00
Goodfellow Reduced Graphene Oxide (GO) Powder carbon 0.00066667 150,000.00 0.00
Poco Graphite EDM-1 EDM Graphite carbon 0.0518 1,930.00 0.09
Graphite, Carbon carbon 0.0167 6,000.00 0.03
UCAR Carbon UCAR® CBY Extruded Graphite carbon 0.1191 840,000.00 0.00
Poco Graphite TM Industrial Grade Graphite carbon 0.0820 1,220.00 0.14
Zoltek™ PX35 Continuous Tow Carbon Fiber carbon 0.0645 1550.00 0.11
Zoltek™ PX35 P/TW28-50 Woven Carbon Fiber Fabric carbon 0.0645 1550.00 0.11
SGL S001 EPY Staple Carbon Fiber, Epoxy Sizing carbon 0.0625 1600.00 0.11
Zoltek™ OX Staple Oxidized PAN Fiber carbon 0.000000000000125 800,000,000,000,000 0.00
ABS/Polyester Alloy polymer 0.00000000000000000001 - 0.0000000000000000001 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 - 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Molded polymer 0.0000000000000000000001 - 0.00000000001 1.00E+13 - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Acrylic, General Purpose, Molded polymer 0.000000000000000000001 - 0.00000000000001 10,000,000,000,000,000 - 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Acrylic, Extruded polymer 0.0000000000000000001 - 0.0000000000000001 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Epoxy Adhesive polymer 0.000000000000000000002 - 1.00 100 - 50,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Polyetheretherketone, PEEK, Aramid Fiber Filled polymer 0.00000000000000000001 - 0.00000001 10,000,000,000 - 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Polycarbonate, Molded polymer 0.00000000000000000000005 - 0.0000000000001 1,000,000,000,000,000 - 200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Polycarbonate, Extruded polymer 0.0000000000000000000005 - 0.0000001 1,000,000,000 - 200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Unreinforced polymer 0.0000000000000000000001 - 0.00000000002 5,000,000,000,000 - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Polyetherimide (PEI) polymer 0.0000000000000000000001 - 0,0010 100,000.00 - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Molded polymer 0.00000000000000000001 - 0.0000000000000000001 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 - 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Film Grade polymer 0.0000000000000000001 - 2.0000E-07 5.00E+08 - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE), Molded polymer 0.0000000000000000001 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE), Extruded polymer 0.0000000000000000000033333 - 0.0000000000000000001 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 - 30,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Injection Molded polymer 0.000000000000000000001 - 0.000000001 100,000,000,000 - 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Extruded polymer 0.000000000000000000000001 - 0.00000001 10,000,000,000 - 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Pipe Grade polymer 0.000000000000000000001 - 0.000000001 100,000,000,000 - 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Blow Molding Grade polymer 0.0000000000000000001 - 0.00000001 10,000,000,000 - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Glass fiber Filled polymer 0.00000000000000000001 - 0.0000001 1,000,000,000 - 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer,
p-type, Boron Doped, 		semiconductors 0.000002 - 0.002 50,000 - 50,000,000 0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer,
n-type, Phosphorous Doped		 semiconductors 0.000004 - 0.001 10,000.00 - 25,000.00 0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer,
n-type, Antimony Doped		 semiconductors 0.005 - 0.0125 8,000.00 - 20,000.00 0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer,
n-type, Arsenic Doped		 semiconductors 0.0143 7,000.00 0.02
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer,
n-type, Phosphorous Doped		 semiconductors 0.0000005 - 0.000016667 6,000,000 - 200,000,000 0.00
MarkeTech Silicon Single Crystal Semiconductor Wafer,
p-type, Dopant: NDT, 		semiconductors 0.0000005 - 0.00002 5,000,000 - 200,000,000 0.00
S-Glass Fiber semiconductors 0.000000000000001105 90,500,000,000,000,000 0.00
Silizium 300K, p-type, Boron doped, technical utility range semiconductors 0.000001 - 0.0125 8,000 - 100,000,000 0.00
Silizium 300K, n-type, Phosporous doped, technical utility range semiconductors 0.000001 - 0.025 4,000 - 100,000,000 0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0000041246 24,244,620.17 0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.000047863 2,089,296.13 0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0003946 253,,23.07 0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0031623 31,622.78 0.01
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, p-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0136 7,334.74 0.02
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.000007017 14,251,026.70 0.00
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.000072444 1,380,384.27 0.00
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.00036115 276,890.27 0.00
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0016276 61,441.46 0.00
Silicium, Si, p-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0100 10,000.00 0.02
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.000027542 3,630,780.55 0.00
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0,0002649 377,505.32 0.00
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0018588 53,798.38 0.00
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0100 10,000.00 0.02
Germanium, Ge, p-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0431 2,319.45 0.07
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.000083176 1,202,264.44 0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.00061442 162,756.54 0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0053798 18,587.92 0.01
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0450 2,218.98 0.08
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, n-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.2769 361.15 0.48
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.000021878 4,570,881.90 0.00
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.00017783 562,341.33 0.00
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0011421 87,560.39 0.00
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.003946 25,342.31 0.01
Silicium, Si, n-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0163 6,144.15 0.03
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^15/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.000066069 1,513,561.25 0.00
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^16/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.00050119 199,526.23 0.00
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^17/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.00263 38,018.94 0.00
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^18/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.0158 6,309.57 0.03
Germanium, Ge, n-type, 10^19/cm^3 concentration semiconductors 0.000000069183 1,445,439,771.00 0.00
Mateck Zinc Sulphide, ZnS semiconductors 0.0000000000000001 - 0.000000000001 1.00E+14 - 1.00E+18 0.00
Mateck Zinc Selenide, ZnSe semiconductors 0.0000000000000001 - 0.002 50,000.00 - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00
Mateck Zinc Telluride, ZnTe semiconductors 0.0000000001 1,000,000,000,000 0.00
Zinc Germanium Phosphide, ZnGeP2 semiconductors 0.000000000027778 3,600,000,000,000 0.00
Zinc Silicon Phosphide, ZnSiP2 semiconductors 0.000000000055556 1,800,000,000,000 0.00
Silver paste printing paste 3.3333 - 10.00 10.00 - 30.00 0.00
Platinum paste printing paste 9.4340 10.60 16.27
Copper paste printing paste 1.6667 - 5.8824 17.00 - 60.00 0.00
SiSiC, Silicium Carbide semidonductors 0.0000001 1,000,000,000 0.00
Gallium Arsenide, GaAs semiconductors 0.00000000001 10,000,000,000,000 0.00
ITO, Indium tin oxide Transparent conductive
materials		 0.8772 114.00 1.51
In2O3, Indium(III) oxide Transparent conductive
materials		 1.0000 100.00 1.72
SnO2, Tin oxide Transparent conductive
materials		 0.2500 400.00 0.43
ZnO, Zinc oxide Transparent conductive
materials		 0.8333 120.00 1.44
ZnO:Al, Aluminium doped Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0769 1,300.00 0.13
CdSnO2, Cadmium-tin oxide Transparent conductive
materials		 0.7692 130.00 1.33
Cdo:In, Cadmium oxide, Indium doped Transparent conductive
materials		 1.6667 60.00 2.87
Zno and ZnMg2O, Aluminium doped,
deposition with magnetron sputtering		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.1000 1,000.00 0.17
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide,Aluminium doped,
Aqueous solution deposition		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0200 5,000.00 0.03
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped, pulsed laser deposition Transparent conductive
materials		 1.1710 85.40 2.02
ZnO:In, Zinc Oxide, Indium doped, sputtering deposition Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0003333 300,000.00 0.00
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped,
Sol-gel 		Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0051546 19,400.00 0.01
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped,
Chemical spray		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0056 18,000.00 0.01
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped,
magnetic sputtering and post annealing		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.1142 876.00 0.20
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped,
Magnetron co-Sputtering and post annealing		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.1205 830.00 0.21
ZnO:Al, Zinc Oxide, Aluminium doped,
Microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.004255 23,500.00 0.01
ZnO:Si, Zinc Oxide, Silicium doped,
Aerosol assisted Chemical vapor deposition		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0050 20,000.00 0.01
ZnO:Al+Ga, High-throughput continuous
hydrotermal flow synthesis, pellets		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0111 9,000.00 0.02
ZnO:Al+Ga, Aerosol asisted Chemical transport,
pellets		 Transparent conductive
materials		 0.1786 560.00 0.31
PEDOT:PPS (AL 4083) Transparent conductive
materials		 0.00000002 - 0.0000002 500,000,000 - 5,000,000,000 0.00
PEDOT:PPS (PH100) Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0833 1,200.00 0.14
PEDOT:PPS (HTL Solar 3) Transparent conductive
materials		 0.00001 - 0.0001 1,000,000 - 10,000,000 0.00
PEDOT:PPS (HTL Solar 3) Transparent conductive
materials		 0,00000002 - 0.00002 5,000,000 - 500,000,000 0.00
FTO, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide, 1% Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0002747 364,100.00 0.00
FTO, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide 3% Transparent conductive
materials		 0.001 100,000.00 0.00
FTO, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide, 5% Transparent conductive
materials		 0.015267 6,550.00 0.03
FTO, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide 7% Transparent conductive
materials		 0.0007246 138,000.00 0.00
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